How to Use a 108-Bead Mala for Japa: A Step-by-Step Beginner's Guide

Fri Oct 23 2026

Quick answer

Sit comfortably, hold the mala in your right hand draped over the middle finger, and start at the bead next to the guru bead. Say your mantra once, then pull the next bead toward you with your thumb. Continue for 108 beads. When you reach the guru bead again, traditionally you do not cross it; turn the mala around and go back the other way for another round.

What is japa?

Japa is the repetition of a mantra or divine name, practised in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Sikh traditions. A mala (Sanskrit for "garland") helps you keep count without thinking about numbers, so attention can rest on the mantra. Many people practise japa in the morning or evening as part of daily prayer or meditation.

Why 108 beads?

The number 108 is traditionally considered sacred across Indian traditions. Explanations include the 108 Upanishads named in the Muktika canon, 12 zodiac signs multiplied by 9 planets in Jyotish, and 54 letters of the Sanskrit alphabet in masculine and feminine forms. There is no single "right" reason; it is a number devotees have used for centuries. Shorter malas of 27 or 54 beads are used for quicker counts.

The parts of a mala

Beads: 108 counting beads.
Guru bead (sumeru or meru): the larger bead where the count starts and ends. It is traditionally treated with respect and not counted.
Tassel: on many malas, hanging from the guru bead.
Knots: on knotted malas, small knots between beads make each bead easier to feel.

Step by step

Choose a quiet spot and time. Early morning (brahma muhurta) and evening are traditional, but any calm time works.
Sit comfortably. On the floor cross-legged, or on a chair with feet flat. Keep your back upright and relaxed.
Set an intention. Take a few slow breaths and bring your attention to the practice.
Hold the mala in your right hand. Drape it over the middle or ring finger. Traditionally the index finger, associated with the ego, does not touch the beads.
Start next to the guru bead. Hold the first bead between your thumb and middle finger.
Say the mantra once. Aloud, whispered, or silently in the mind.
Move one bead. Use your thumb to pull the next bead toward you, and repeat the mantra.
Continue for 108 beads. Let the rhythm settle; if your mind wanders, gently return to the mantra.
At the guru bead, pause. Traditionally you do not cross it. To continue, turn the mala around and start again in the other direction.
Close the practice. Sit quietly for a moment, then put the mala away respectfully.

Choosing a mantra

Use a mantra from your own tradition, family or teacher. Common ones include "Om Namah Shivaya", "Om Gam Ganapataye Namaha", "Shri Ram Jai Ram Jai Jai Ram" and "Om Mani Padme Hum" in Buddhist practice. If you don't follow a particular path, a simple "Om" or a word that is meaningful to you is a fine starting point.

How long should you practise?

Start with one round of 108, which typically takes a few minutes. Many practitioners build to a fixed number of rounds daily. Consistency matters more than length.

Mala etiquette in tradition

Keep your japa mala for practice, and many prefer it not to be shared.
Many devotees keep it in a pouch (gomukhi bag) during japa and when not in use.
Avoid placing it on the floor; keep it at your shrine or in a clean place.
Some people wear their mala; others keep one for japa and another for wearing.

Choosing a mala for japa

Bead size: 8mm is easy to feel; 6mm is lighter and more discreet.
Material: Rudraksha for Shiva devotees; tulsi in Vaishnava tradition; gemstones like moonstone or smoky quartz for personal preference.
Knotting: knotted malas are easier to count by touch. See our guide to Rudraksha vs gemstone malas for more.

The 5 Mukhi Rudraksha, Rainbow Moonstone and Smoky Quartz malas on our site each have 108 beads plus a guru bead, 8mm beads, and are hand knotted between beads.

Caring for your mala

Wipe it with a soft dry cloth, keep it away from water and perfume, and store it in a pouch. If the cord stretches or frays over time, have it restrung.

FAQ

Can I use my left hand? Traditional practice uses the right hand, but if that is difficult, use what is comfortable.

What if I lose count? That's what the mala is for: just keep moving bead by bead and finish the round.

Can I do japa silently? Yes. Silent (manasika) japa is a traditional form.

Do I have to sit cross-legged? No. A chair is fine; comfort helps focus.

Can I wear my japa mala? Many people do. Others keep it only for practice. Follow your tradition.